* Habitat provision: Forests provide habitat for a wide variety of plants and animals. This biodiversity is essential for the functioning of the ecosystem, providing food, shelter, and breeding grounds for countless species.

* Climate regulation: Forests play a vital role in regulating the climate. They help to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing the greenhouse effect. They also release water vapour into the atmosphere, which helps to cool the climate.

* Erosion control: Forests help to control erosion by holding the soil in place. This is important for preventing soil loss and protecting water quality.

* Hydrological functions: Forests help to regulate the flow of water. They absorb rainfall and release it slowly into streams and rivers, preventing flooding and providing water for drinking, irrigation, and industry.

* Aesthetic and recreational values: Forests provide a variety of aesthetic and recreational values. They are a place for people to relax, enjoy nature, and learn about the environment.

These are just some of the many accessory functions of forests. Forests are essential for the health of the planet and provide a wide range of benefits to people and wildlife.