Here's why it's hard to determine:
* No formal records: The experiment is so simple and likely pre-dates written documentation of science experiments.
* Variations: The concept of a volcano erupting with bubbles is likely a natural observation that people have been fascinated by for centuries. The experiment has evolved over time, with different variations using vinegar, lemon juice, or even different types of bases.
While we can't say who did it first, the baking soda volcano is a fun and engaging way to learn about chemical reactions.