The balanced equation for the decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3) into potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen gas (O2) is:

2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2

Here's the breakdown:

* Reactant: 2 molecules of potassium chlorate (KClO3)

* Products: 2 molecules of potassium chloride (KCl) and 3 molecules of oxygen gas (O2)

Explanation:

* Balancing the equation: The equation is balanced by ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

* There are 2 potassium atoms, 2 chlorine atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation.

This reaction is an example of a decomposition reaction, where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. It is also an endothermic reaction, meaning it requires heat to proceed.