Plasma Membrane: This is the outer layer of the cell, acting as a barrier and controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance that fills the cell, providing a medium for organelles and chemical reactions.
Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA) and directing cellular activities.
Nucleolus: Found within the nucleus, this structure produces ribosomes.
Ribosomes: Small organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of interconnected membranes that serves as a transport system for proteins and lipids.
* Rough ER: Contains ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis and modification.
* Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Golgi Apparatus: A stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs that process, package, and sort proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
Lysosomes: Membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Mitochondria: The "powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for producing ATP (energy currency) through cellular respiration.
Centrioles: Small, cylindrical structures involved in cell division.
Cytoskeleton: A network of protein filaments that provide structural support, maintain cell shape, and facilitate movement.
Vacuoles: Membrane-bound sacs that store water, nutrients, and waste products. (Animal cells have smaller vacuoles than plant cells).
Note: Not all animal cells have all of these organelles. The specific composition of organelles can vary depending on the cell type and its function.
