* Amylase (Ptyalin): This enzyme breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into simpler sugars like maltose. It begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.
* Lipase: Though present in small amounts, salivary lipase starts the breakdown of fats (lipids) in the mouth. This is particularly important for digesting triglycerides (the most common type of fat) in infants.
* Lysozyme: This enzyme acts as a natural antibacterial agent, helping to kill bacteria in the mouth and prevent infection. It breaks down the cell walls of bacteria, destroying them.
* Other enzymes: In addition to these major players, saliva also contains enzymes like kallikrein, which helps regulate blood pressure, and peroxidase, which assists with the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
The exact composition of saliva, and the amount of each enzyme present, can vary slightly between individuals and depending on various factors like age, diet, and health conditions.
