The Moon has many craters, which are large, bowl-shaped depressions in its surface. Craters are formed when asteroids or comets impact the Moon. The impact causes the rock and dust on the Moon to be ejected, forming a crater. Craters can be several kilometres across and hundreds of metres deep. Some craters have peaks or mountains in the centre, which are formed when the material that was ejected from the crater falls back down.

In addition to craters, the Moon also has many other features, such as mountains, valleys, and maria (large, dark, smooth plains). These features are all thought to have formed through volcanic activity or impacts.