* Momentum: A measure of an object's mass in motion. It's calculated by multiplying an object's mass (m) by its velocity (v): Momentum (p) = m * v
* Impulse: The change in momentum of an object. It's calculated by multiplying the force (F) applied to an object by the time (t) over which the force acts: Impulse (J) = F * t
The Relationship:
The key relationship is that impulse is equal to the change in momentum. This is known as the impulse-momentum theorem:
J = Δp
This means:
* If you apply a force for a longer time, you impart a greater impulse, resulting in a larger change in momentum.
* A larger force applied for the same time will also create a greater impulse and a larger change in momentum.
Examples:
* Hitting a baseball: The bat exerts a force on the ball over a short period of time, causing a significant change in momentum.
* Landing on a trampoline: The trampoline springs exert a force over a longer time, reducing the impact force and the change in momentum, making the landing softer.
In essence, force over time (impulse) directly affects the change in momentum of an object.
