Mathematically, Newton's second law of motion describes this relationship between force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a): F = ma. In this equation, the force applied to the object is directly proportional to the mass of the object and the acceleration produced.
Therefore, if a force of sufficient magnitude is applied to an object initially at rest, it can overcome the object's inertia and cause it to begin moving. The net force acting on the object determines the magnitude and direction of its acceleration.