Electrons have a much smaller mass than protons, making them much more susceptible to changes in velocity due to electric and magnetic fields. In atoms, electrons orbit the nucleus at high speeds due to the attractive electric force between the negatively charged electrons and the positively charged nucleus. The speed of an electron in orbit depends on its energy level, with electrons in higher energy levels having higher speeds.
On the other hand, protons are much more massive and tend to move relatively slowly compared to electrons. Protons are typically bound within the nucleus of an atom, and their motion is primarily vibrational or rotational rather than orbital. The speed of a proton within a nucleus is influenced by the strong nuclear force, which is responsible for holding protons and neutrons together against the repulsive electric forces between positively charged protons.
Therefore, electrons and protons generally do not have the same speed. Electrons can have various speeds depending on their energy levels and external influences, while protons within an atom have relatively low speeds due to their mass and confinement within the nucleus.
