Gecko tape is made of a thin, flexible material covered in tiny, hair-like fibers called seta. These seta are made of a material that is attracted to other surfaces. When the tape is pressed against a surface, the seta creates millions of tiny bonds, or van der Waals forces. These bonds are strong enough to hold the tape in place, but they are also weak enough to be broken easily when you want to remove the tape.
The way that gecko tape works is similar to the way that sticky notes work. Sticky notes are made of a material called pressure-sensitive adhesive, which is also attracted to other surfaces. When you press a sticky note against a surface, the adhesive creates millions of tiny bonds with the surface. These bonds are strong enough to hold the sticky note in place, but they are also weak enough to be broken easily when you want to remove the sticky note.