Key Elements:
* Carbon (C): Forms the backbone of all organic molecules.
* Hydrogen (H): Abundant in all organic molecules.
* Oxygen (O): Essential for respiration and energy production.
* Nitrogen (N): Found in proteins and nucleic acids.
* Phosphorus (P): Key component of nucleic acids and energy molecules like ATP.
* Sulfur (S): Found in some proteins.
Major Organic Molecules:
* Carbohydrates: Provide energy and structural support (e.g., sugars, starches, cellulose).
* Lipids (Fats and Oils): Provide energy storage, insulation, and form cell membranes.
* Proteins: Perform a wide range of functions, including structural support, enzymatic activity, and transport.
* Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA): Store and transmit genetic information.
Organization:
Living matter is highly organized, with molecules forming larger structures:
* Cells: The basic unit of life, containing all the necessary components for life.
* Tissues: Groups of similar cells working together.
* Organs: Groups of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.
* Organ systems: Groups of organs working together for a larger purpose.
Key Characteristics of Living Matter:
* Organization: High degree of internal order.
* Metabolism: Chemical reactions that sustain life.
* Growth and development: Increase in size and complexity.
* Reproduction: The ability to create new individuals.
* Response to stimuli: Reacting to changes in the environment.
* Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment.
* Adaptation: Changes in populations over time to suit their environment.
In summary: Living matter is a complex, organized system of carbon-based molecules that exhibits the characteristics of life.
