Tundra is a biome characterized by:
* Extremely cold temperatures: Winter temperatures can drop below -30°C (-22°F).
* Limited precipitation: Arid conditions, with less than 250 mm (10 inches) of rain per year.
* Permafrost: A layer of permanently frozen soil that prevents trees from establishing roots.
* Short growing season: Only a few weeks in summer when temperatures are above freezing.
* Low biodiversity: Limited plant and animal life due to the harsh conditions.
There are two main types of tundra:
* Arctic tundra: Found in the northern hemisphere around the Arctic Circle.
* Alpine tundra: Found on high mountain peaks around the world, above the treeline.
