1. Sunlight: Prairies are known for their vast, open spaces, allowing sunlight to reach the ground freely. This sunlight is essential for photosynthesis, which drives the entire prairie food web.

2. Temperature: Prairies experience a wide range of temperatures throughout the year, with hot summers and cold winters. This temperature variation influences plant growth and the types of animals that can survive there.

3. Precipitation: Prairies typically have a moderate amount of rainfall, but it can be unevenly distributed throughout the year. The availability of water is a crucial factor in determining the types of plants and animals that thrive in a prairie.

4. Soil: Prairie soils are generally rich in nutrients and organic matter, which supports the growth of grasses and wildflowers. The type of soil, its pH, and its composition influence the types of plants that can grow in a particular prairie.