Leaf lifespan: Trees can reduce water loss by shedding their leaves during dry periods. This adaptation is seen in deciduous trees, which lose their leaves in the fall and regrow them in the spring when water is more abundant.
Growth recovery: Trees can also survive dry and hot summers by slowing down or stopping their growth during these periods. This allows them to conserve water and energy until conditions improve.
Deep root systems: Trees have extensive root systems that can reach deep into the soil to access water that is not available to other plants.
Thick bark: The bark of trees can help to protect the tree from water loss and sun damage.
Stomata: Trees have small pores on the surface of their leaves called stomata that allow for gas exchange. Trees can close their stomata during dry periods to reduce water loss.
Waxy leaves: Some trees have waxy leaves that help to reduce water loss.
In addition to these adaptations, some trees also produce chemicals that help them to tolerate drought and heat. These chemicals include abscisic acid, which helps to regulate water loss, and cytokinins, which help to promote growth.
