By Karen G. Blaettler | Updated Aug 30, 2022

Charts and graphs are both visual tools for presenting information, yet they serve distinct purposes. Understanding the difference between them can clarify how to choose the right format for your data.

TL;DR

All graphs are charts, but not all charts are graphs. Charts can be diagrams, tables, or maps, while graphs specifically illustrate mathematical relationships.

What Is a Chart?

A chart is any visual representation that organizes data, ideas, or processes. It may take the form of a diagram, a table, a map, or a graph. The goal is to make complex information easier to understand at a glance.

What Is a Graph?

A graph is a subset of charts that displays quantitative relationships between variables. By plotting numbers on a coordinate system, graphs make it simple to spot trends, compare values, and identify patterns.

Key Types of Graphs

• Bar Graphs – Ideal for comparing discrete categories. Example: drunk‑driving arrests by state.
• Line Graphs – Best for showing changes over time or with another continuous variable. Example: plant growth versus age.
• Pie Charts – Illustrate parts of a whole. Use them when each segment represents a distinct category that sums to 100 %.

Each graph type is chosen based on the nature of the data. Using the wrong graph can obscure meaning rather than clarify it.

When to Use Multiple Graphs

Sometimes a single graph cannot capture all relevant insights. In such cases, pair two or more graphs that highlight different aspects of the same dataset.

Beyond Bar, Line, and Pie

Specialized graphs exist for niche fields—scatter plots, bubble charts, heat maps, etc. While powerful, they’re most effective when the audience is familiar with their interpretation.

Charts in Context

Charts are versatile. They can be simple tables listing the MyPlate calorie guide, detailed maps showing earthquake hotspots, or complex diagrams outlining the U.S. nutrition guidelines over time.

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