1. Oxidation: This is a chemical reaction where oxygen combines with minerals in the rock, often forming oxides. A common example is the rusting of iron, where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide (rust).
2. Hydrolysis: This involves the reaction of water with minerals in the rock, breaking down the mineral structure and forming new, often weaker, minerals. A good example is the breakdown of feldspar, a common mineral in rocks, into clay minerals.
3. Carbonation: This is the reaction of carbonic acid (formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water) with rocks, especially those containing calcium carbonate like limestone. The acid dissolves the calcium carbonate, forming calcium bicarbonate, which can be carried away by water, leading to the breakdown of the rock.
Let me know if you'd like more detail on any of these processes!
