Exfoliation is a type of weathering process where layers of rock break off in curved sheets. This process is often caused by:

* Pressure release: When a large mass of rock, such as a granite pluton, is exposed at the surface, the pressure from overlying rock is removed. This pressure release allows the rock to expand, causing it to fracture along curved surfaces.

* Thermal expansion and contraction: Repeated heating and cooling of the rock, particularly in desert environments, can cause the outer layers to expand and contract more than the inner layers. This differential expansion and contraction can create stresses that lead to exfoliation.

* Chemical weathering: Chemicals such as water and oxygen can react with the rock's minerals, weakening the bonds between the layers and making them susceptible to exfoliation.

Exfoliation is a common process in areas with large granite formations and can create distinctive landforms such as exfoliation domes and exfoliation cliffs.