Fossils are formed over long periods of time through a process called fossilization. Here's a basic breakdown:
1. Organism Dies: An animal or plant dies and is buried quickly by sediment (like sand, mud, or volcanic ash).
2. Burial and Decay: The soft tissues of the organism decompose, but the hard parts like bones, shells, or teeth may be preserved.
3. Mineralization: Over time, minerals from the surrounding sediment seep into the buried remains, replacing the original material with rock-like minerals. This process is called petrification.
4. Erosion and Exposure: After millions of years, the surrounding rock layers erode, eventually exposing the fossil.
Not all rocks contain fossils, but when they do, they provide valuable information about ancient life and the history of Earth.
