1. Quartz (SiO2): This is the most common mineral in the Earth's crust and is extremely durable, making it a major component of sand.

2. Feldspar (various formulas): This is another abundant mineral group in the Earth's crust. It breaks down into smaller particles easily, contributing significantly to sand composition.

While these two minerals are the most common, other minerals like mica, calcite, and iron oxides can also be present in sand, depending on the geological location.