1. Color: While not always reliable, color can be a starting point. Some minerals have distinctive colors (e.g., malachite is green, azurite is blue). However, impurities can alter a mineral's color, so it's not a definitive test.

2. Streak: The color of a mineral's powder when rubbed against a streak plate (unglazed porcelain). Streak is often more consistent than color and can be helpful in identifying some minerals.

3. Hardness: Measured using the Mohs Hardness Scale, which compares a mineral's resistance to scratching. A fingernail (2.5), a copper penny (3.5), and a steel knife (5.5) are common tools for testing.

4. Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral breaks. Cleavage refers to smooth, flat planes of breakage, while fracture describes irregular breakage. Different minerals have distinct cleavage and fracture patterns.

5. Luster: The way a mineral reflects light. Descriptions include metallic, glassy, pearly, dull, silky, etc.

6. Specific Gravity: The ratio of a mineral's density to the density of water. It can be determined by comparing the weight of a mineral in air to its weight in water.

Important Note: Identifying minerals accurately can be challenging. Using multiple tests is crucial, and it's always advisable to consult with a knowledgeable geologist or mineral expert if you have doubts.