The type of rock that forms through the processes of weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation is called sedimentary rock.

Here's a breakdown of how these processes create sedimentary rocks:

* Weathering: The breakdown of existing rocks into smaller pieces.

* Erosion: The transportation of these weathered pieces by wind, water, or ice.

* Deposition: The settling of the transported material in a new location, often in layers.

* Compaction: The weight of overlying sediment presses down on the deposited layers, squeezing out water and air.

* Cementation: Dissolved minerals in the water seep into the spaces between the sediment particles and crystallize, binding them together.

Examples of sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, shale, and conglomerate.