Here's a breakdown of soil horizons:
* O horizon: The uppermost layer, composed of organic matter like leaves, twigs, and decomposing organisms.
* A horizon: The topsoil, rich in minerals and organic matter, supporting plant growth.
* E horizon: A layer of leaching, where minerals and organic matter are removed by downward movement of water.
* B horizon: The subsoil, accumulating minerals and organic matter leached from above.
* C horizon: Partially weathered parent material, the bedrock from which the soil develops.
* R horizon: Unweathered bedrock, the foundation of the soil profile.
The R horizon represents the transition between the soil and the underlying bedrock. It's the starting point for soil formation and is characterized by large, unbroken pieces of rock that are beginning to break down.
