1. U-shaped valleys: Glaciers carve out wide, U-shaped valleys with steep sides and a flat floor. This contrasts with the V-shaped valleys formed by rivers.

2. Cirques: These are bowl-shaped depressions at the head of a glacial valley, often containing a lake or tarn. They are formed by the erosive power of the glacier as it scours the rock.

3. Fjords: These are deep, narrow inlets of the sea that have been carved out by glaciers. They are characterized by steep sides and often have a sill or threshold at their mouth, which is a shallow area that restricts water flow.