1. Tundra: This is the dominant climate type across most of the Arctic region, characterized by very cold temperatures, permafrost, low precipitation, and a short growing season. The average temperature for the warmest month is below 10°C (50°F).

2. Ice Cap: This climate type exists in the most extreme northern regions, including the islands of the Queen Elizabeth Islands. Ice caps are dominated by permanent ice and snow cover with extremely low temperatures and very little precipitation.