The Highland areas of the Moon are predominantly composed of anorthosites, which are igneous rocks formed from the early crystallization of magma. These rocks primarily consist of plagioclase feldspar and have relatively high aluminum content. The Maria regions, on the other hand, are characterized by basalts, which are also igneous rocks formed from magma but with different compositions. Basalts are dominated by minerals like pyroxenes and olivine and have lower aluminum content compared to anorthosites. These compositional differences between the Highlands and Maria result from the formation and differentiation processes during the early history of the Moon.