- Limestone: Limestone is a rock that is composed mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is formed when calcium ions and carbonate ions in water combine to form calcium carbonate, which then precipitates out of the water and forms limestone.
- Dolomite: Dolomite is a rock that is composed mostly of calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO3)2). It is formed when calcium ions, magnesium ions, and carbonate ions in water combine to form calcium magnesium carbonate, which then precipitates out of the water and forms dolomite.
- Chert: Chert is a rock that is composed mostly of silicon dioxide (SiO2). It is formed when silica ions in water combine to form silicon dioxide, which then precipitates out of the water and forms chert.
- Evaporites: Evaporites are a group of rocks that are formed when water evaporates from a body of water, leaving behind the dissolved minerals. Some common evaporites include halite (NaCl, or common salt), gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), and anhydrite (CaSO4).
