The thing called when rock and soil fall due to gravity is a landslide. A landslide is the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Earthquakes

* Heavy rainfall

* Rapid snowmelt

* Volcanic eruptions

* Steep slopes

* Unstable soil

* Deforestation

Landslides can be very destructive, causing damage to property and infrastructure, and loss of life.