1. Magma accumulation and chamber growth: Magma from a deep source rises into a pre-existing magma chamber or creates a new one. As more and more magma accumulates, the crust above the chamber inflates and uplifts.

2. Roof collapse and caldera formation: The weight of the overlying rocks and the pressure of the rising magma can exceed the strength of the crust, causing it to collapse. The collapse creates a large depression, called a caldera, with steep walls and a flat floor.

3. Resurgent doming and volcanism: After the caldera collapse, hot and buoyant magma from the deep magma chamber can rise and accumulate beneath the caldera floor, causing it to uplift and form a resurgent dome. This renewed volcanic activity can lead to the formation of new volcanic vents and the eruption of lava, ash, and pyroclastic flows from the resurgent dome.