1) Upper Mantle:
- Extends from the base of the crust to a depth of about 660 kilometers (410 miles).
- It is characterized by relatively high temperatures and solid rock that experiences both plastic and brittle deformation.
- The upper mantle is further subdivided into the lithosphere (the rigid outermost layer of the Earth, including the crust and the uppermost mantle) and the asthenosphere (the weak, partially molten layer beneath the lithosphere).
2) Middle Mantle:
- Lies between the depths of approximately 660 and 2900 kilometers (410 and 1802 miles).
- It is characterized by higher temperatures and pressures compared to the upper mantle, and it is primarily composed of solid rock that undergoes mostly plastic deformation.
3) Lower Mantle:
- Extends from 2900 kilometers (1802 miles) to the boundary with the Earth's core at a depth of about 5150 kilometers (3200 miles).
- It is the most voluminous layer of the Earth's mantle and is characterized by extremely high temperatures and pressures, causing the rock to be predominantly solid but with some limited plastic deformation.
