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  • ATP and NADPH: Energy Carriers in Photosynthesis - Light-Dependent Reactions & Calvin Cycle
    The two high-energy molecules produced in the light-dependent reactions and consumed in the Calvin cycle are:

    1. ATP (adenosine triphosphate): This molecule is the universal energy currency of cells. It provides the energy needed for the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into sugar.

    2. NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate): This molecule is a reducing agent, meaning it carries electrons. It provides the reducing power needed for the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide and ultimately form glucose.

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