* CO2 is a gas at standard temperature and pressure. It only exists as a liquid or solid under very high pressure.
* Sublimation: Instead of boiling, CO2 transitions directly from a solid (dry ice) to a gas at a specific pressure and temperature, called the *sublimation point*.
Here's the breakdown:
* Sublimation point: -78.5 °C (-109.3 °F) at standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm). At this temperature, solid CO2 will turn directly into gaseous CO2 without going through a liquid phase.
* Critical point: 31.1 °C (88 °F) and 73.8 bar (1,071 psi). Above this point, CO2 cannot be liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied.
So, instead of talking about "boiling carbon dioxide," we refer to its sublimation point.