* Covalent Bonding: Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
* Hydrogen and Oxygen: Hydrogen (H) has 1 electron in its outer shell and needs 1 more to be stable. Oxygen (O) has 6 electrons in its outer shell and needs 2 more to be stable.
* Sharing Electrons: In water, each hydrogen atom shares its single electron with the oxygen atom. The oxygen atom, in turn, shares one of its electrons with each hydrogen atom. This sharing creates a stable structure with two covalent bonds.
So, the chemical bonds holding the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in water are covalent bonds.