1. Carbohydrates: These are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide energy for cells and also serve as structural components. Examples include sugars, starches, and cellulose.
2. Lipids (Fats & Oils): These are also made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but with a higher proportion of hydrogen. They serve as long-term energy storage, insulation, and components of cell membranes. Examples include butter, oils, and cholesterol.
3. Proteins: These are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, along with sometimes sulfur. They are essential for a wide variety of functions in the body, including building and repairing tissues, transporting substances, and catalyzing chemical reactions (enzymes). Examples include enzymes, antibodies, and hormones.
4. Nucleic Acids: These are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They carry genetic information (DNA) and help in protein synthesis (RNA). Examples include DNA and RNA.
