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  • Enzymes and Activation Energy: How They Speed Up Reactions
    Enzymes decrease the activation energy of a chemical reaction.

    Here's why:

    * Activation Energy: The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur.

    * Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up reactions without being consumed in the process.

    * How Enzymes Work: Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. They do this by:

    * Binding to reactants (substrates): This brings the substrates together in the correct orientation for the reaction to occur.

    * Stabilizing the transition state: The unstable intermediate state between reactants and products.

    Think of it like this: Imagine pushing a rock up a hill. The hill represents the activation energy. An enzyme acts like a ramp, making it easier to push the rock to the top (start the reaction). The rock still has to be pushed, but it takes less effort thanks to the ramp (enzyme).

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