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  • Light-Independent Reactions: How ATP and NADPH Create Sugars
    The products from the light-dependent reactions used in the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) to make a 6-carbon sugar are:

    * ATP (adenosine triphosphate): Provides the energy needed to power the Calvin cycle.

    * NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate): Serves as a reducing agent, providing electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide.

    The Calvin cycle uses these products to convert carbon dioxide into glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) through a series of enzymatic reactions.

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