1. Increased Kinetic Energy: The heat energy supplied to the liquid increases the kinetic energy of the particles. They move faster and vibrate more vigorously.
2. Overcoming Intermolecular Forces: The increased kinetic energy allows the particles to overcome the attractive forces (intermolecular forces) that hold them together in the liquid state.
3. Phase Change: As the particles break free from these forces, they transition from the closely packed, relatively ordered state of a liquid to the more dispersed, less ordered state of a gas.
4. Expansion and Movement: In the gaseous state, the particles have much greater freedom of movement. They move around randomly at high speeds, colliding with each other and the walls of their container. This results in the expansion of the volume.
In summary: The particles in a liquid, upon boiling, gain enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together, transition to a gaseous state, and move more freely with increased kinetic energy.
