A phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms is commonly called a phosphate group.

Here's a breakdown:

* Phosphorus (P): The central atom.

* Oxygen (O): Four oxygen atoms surrounding the phosphorus.

* Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): The entire structure, including the phosphorus and oxygen atoms, with a negative three charge.

This phosphate group is a fundamental building block in many important molecules in biology, such as:

* ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The primary energy currency of cells.

* DNA and RNA: The genetic material of living organisms.

* Phospholipids: Components of cell membranes.

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