The type of weathering that involves the decomposition of rock through mineral reactions with substances like oxygen, water, and acids is called chemical weathering.

Here's a breakdown:

* Chemical weathering involves changes in the chemical composition of the rock. This can lead to the formation of new minerals, weakening of the rock structure, and ultimately, the breakdown of the rock.

* Oxygen plays a role in oxidation, where minerals react with oxygen to form oxides. This process weakens the rock and can lead to the formation of rust (iron oxide) on iron-containing minerals.

* Water acts as a solvent, dissolving some minerals and carrying them away. Water can also react with certain minerals, leading to their decomposition. For example, limestone dissolves in acidic water, forming caves and sinkholes.

* Acids, both natural and man-made, can react with rocks to cause chemical weathering. Carbonic acid, formed from the reaction of carbon dioxide with water, is a major contributor to the weathering of limestone.

Examples of chemical weathering include:

* Oxidation: The formation of rust on iron-containing minerals.

* Hydrolysis: The reaction of water with minerals, leading to their decomposition.

* Carbonation: The reaction of carbonic acid with limestone, leading to the formation of caves and sinkholes.

* Acid rain: Rainwater made acidic by air pollution can cause significant chemical weathering of rocks and buildings.

Let me know if you have any other questions!