The reaction of sodium (Na) with water (H₂O) produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye, and hydrogen gas (H₂) . The reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a lot of heat and can be very dangerous.

Here's the balanced chemical equation:

2 Na (s) + 2 H₂O (l) → 2 NaOH (aq) + H₂ (g)

Here's what happens:

* Sodium metal reacts violently with water.

* Sodium atoms lose electrons to form sodium ions (Na⁺), while water molecules gain electrons to form hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

* The reaction releases heat, which can cause the hydrogen gas produced to ignite spontaneously.

* The sodium hydroxide dissolves in water, creating a strongly alkaline solution.

Safety Precautions:

* Never handle sodium metal directly. It reacts violently with water and can cause severe burns.

* Always perform this reaction under the supervision of a qualified chemist in a controlled environment with appropriate safety equipment.

Important Note: The reaction between sodium and water is highly dangerous and should only be performed by trained professionals. It is essential to prioritize safety and never attempt this reaction without proper precautions.