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  • Melting and Boiling Points of Nonmetals: Understanding Intermolecular Forces
    Nonmetals are not weakly attracted to one another. In fact, they have relatively strong intermolecular forces, especially the covalent bonds within their molecules.

    However, they do have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals. This is because:

    * Covalent bonds: Nonmetals primarily form covalent bonds, which are weaker than the metallic bonds found in metals. This means less energy is required to break these bonds and change the state of matter.

    * Intermolecular forces: While nonmetals can have strong covalent bonds *within* their molecules, the forces *between* molecules (intermolecular forces) are generally weaker than the metallic bonding in metals.

    Therefore, nonmetals have lower melting and boiling points than metals.

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