The transfer of electrons from sodium atoms to chlorine atoms results in the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt.

Here's why:

* Sodium (Na) has one electron in its outermost shell, making it highly reactive and eager to lose that electron to achieve a stable configuration.

* Chlorine (Cl) has seven electrons in its outermost shell, wanting to gain one electron to complete its shell and become stable.

When sodium and chlorine react, sodium loses its electron and becomes a positively charged ion (Na+). Chlorine gains that electron and becomes a negatively charged ion (Cl-). These oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to each other due to electrostatic forces, forming an ionic bond and creating the compound sodium chloride.