* Covalent bonds are formed when valence electrons are shared between atoms. This sharing allows both atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration, like that of a noble gas.

Here's a breakdown:

* Valence electrons: These are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which are involved in chemical bonding.

* Sharing electrons: When two atoms share valence electrons, they create a shared electron pair that is attracted to both atomic nuclei. This attraction holds the atoms together in a covalent bond.

There are different types of covalent bonds depending on the number of shared electrons:

* Single bond: One shared pair of electrons

* Double bond: Two shared pairs of electrons

* Triple bond: Three shared pairs of electrons

Examples of covalent bonds include:

* Water (H₂O): Each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom, forming two single bonds.

* Carbon dioxide (CO₂): The carbon atom shares two electrons with each oxygen atom, forming two double bonds.

Let me know if you want to delve deeper into the types of covalent bonds or have more questions!