Compounds
* Water (H₂O): Made up of hydrogen and oxygen chemically bonded together.
* Salt (NaCl): Composed of sodium and chlorine atoms held together by ionic bonds.
* Sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁): Contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a specific ratio.
* Carbon dioxide (CO₂): One carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.
* Ethanol (C₂H₅OH): A compound found in alcoholic beverages.
Elements
* Gold (Au): A shiny, yellow metal found in its pure form.
* Oxygen (O): A colorless, odorless gas essential for life.
* Carbon (C): The basis of all organic compounds, found in many forms (graphite, diamond).
* Iron (Fe): A strong, magnetic metal used in many applications.
* Helium (He): A light, inert gas used in balloons.
Mixtures
* Saltwater: A mixture of salt (NaCl) dissolved in water (H₂O).
* Air: A mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen.
* Sand and water: A heterogeneous mixture where the sand particles are visible and can be separated by filtration.
* Trail mix: A mixture of nuts, seeds, and dried fruit.
* Salad: A mixture of vegetables and dressing.
Key Differences:
* Elements: Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. They are found on the periodic table.
* Compounds: Substances formed when two or more different elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio. They have properties different from the individual elements that make them up.
* Mixtures: Combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. They can be separated by physical means (like filtration, evaporation, or magnetism). The components retain their individual properties.
