* Ionic Bonding: Sodium chloride is an ionic compound, meaning it's formed by the electrostatic attraction between positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-).
* Solid State: In its solid state, the ions are held in a rigid, crystalline lattice. This arrangement prevents the ions from moving freely, making it an insulator.
* Molten State: When heated to its melting point, the strong ionic bonds weaken, allowing the ions to break free from the lattice. These free, mobile ions can now carry an electric current.
* Conduction Mechanism: When an electrical potential is applied, the positive sodium ions migrate towards the negative electrode (cathode), and the negative chloride ions migrate towards the positive electrode (anode). This flow of charged particles constitutes an electrical current.
In summary, the ability of molten sodium chloride to conduct electricity stems from the presence of free, mobile ions that can carry the charge.
