* Electrochemistry studies the relationship between chemical reactions and electrical energy. Batteries work by converting chemical energy (stored in the battery's materials) into electrical energy through a series of chemical reactions.

* Materials science also plays a crucial role in battery development, as the choice of materials for electrodes, electrolytes, and other components directly influences the battery's performance.

* Physics contributes to understanding the flow of electricity and the principles of energy storage within a battery.

While batteries have elements of other sciences, electrochemistry is the core scientific field that governs their fundamental operation.