Normality (N)
* Definition: Normality is a measure of concentration that expresses the number of gram equivalents of a solute per liter of solution. A gram equivalent is the mass of a substance that can react with or replace one mole of hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-).
* For acids: Normality is determined by the number of acidic hydrogen ions (H+) that a molecule of the acid can donate.
Nitric Acid (HNO₃)
* Monoprotic: Nitric acid is a monoprotic acid, meaning it can donate only one hydrogen ion (H+) per molecule.
* Normality Calculation: The normality of HNO₃ is equal to its molarity because it has one acidic hydrogen.
Example:
* If you have a 1M solution of HNO₃, then its normality is also 1N.
Important Considerations:
* Solution Concentration: The normality of HNO₃ will depend on the concentration of the solution.
* Lab Safety: HNO₃ is a strong acid and must be handled with care. Always wear appropriate safety gear (gloves, goggles) and work in a well-ventilated area.
To find the normality of a specific HNO₃ solution in your lab, you'll need to know its molar concentration.
