Understanding Normality
* Normality (N) represents the number of equivalents of a solute per liter of solution.
* Equivalents are the number of moles of reactive units (like H+ ions) in a solution.
Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)
* Phosphoric acid has three acidic protons (H+ ions) that can be released.
Calculation
1. Identify the number of equivalents: Since phosphoric acid has 3 acidic protons, each mole of H₃PO₄ provides 3 equivalents of H+ ions.
2. Calculate normality:
* Normality (N) = Molarity (M) x number of equivalents per mole
* N = 0.10 M x 3
* N = 0.30 N
Therefore, a 0.10 M solution of phosphoric acid has a normality of 0.30 N.
