1. Carbohydrates: These are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide energy for cells and form structural components. Examples include sugars, starches, and cellulose.

2. Lipids (Fats and Oils): These are also made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but in different ratios than carbohydrates. They store energy, insulate the body, and form cell membranes. Examples include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.

3. Proteins: These are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. They play crucial roles in almost every cellular function, including structure, transport, catalysis (enzymes), and defense. Examples include enzymes, antibodies, and muscle fibers.

4. Nucleic Acids: These are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They store and transmit genetic information. Examples include DNA and RNA.