When an unstable atom gives off particles and gamma rays, it undergoes a process called radioactive decay. This decay transforms the unstable atom into a more stable atom, often of a different element.

Here's a breakdown of the process:

* Unstable Atom: Atoms with an unstable nucleus have an imbalance of protons and neutrons. This imbalance makes them prone to decay.

* Radioactive Decay: The unstable atom releases energy and particles to achieve stability. This release comes in the form of:

* Alpha Particles: Consist of two protons and two neutrons (essentially a helium nucleus).

* Beta Particles: High-energy electrons or positrons (antimatter electrons).

* Gamma Rays: High-energy photons, similar to X-rays but even more energetic.

* Transformation: The atom's nucleus changes during radioactive decay. This often results in:

* Change in atomic number: The number of protons changes, leading to a transformation into a different element.

* Change in atomic mass: The number of neutrons changes, altering the atom's mass.

Example:

Carbon-14 (an unstable isotope of carbon) undergoes beta decay. It emits a beta particle (an electron) and transforms into Nitrogen-14, a stable element.

In summary:

Radioactive decay is a natural process where unstable atoms release energy and particles to achieve a more stable configuration. This process can result in the formation of a new element and changes in the atom's mass.