In sp2 hybridization, three equivalent hybrid orbitals are formed by the mixing of one s orbital and two p orbitals. These hybrid orbitals form three sigma bonds with three other atoms, resulting in a trigonal planar molecular geometry. The remaining p orbital is perpendicular to the plane of the three sp2 hybrid orbitals and can participate in pi bonding.
Examples of molecules with trigonal planar molecular geometry include boron trifluoride (BF3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and formaldehyde (H2CO). In these molecules, the central atom (boron, carbon, and carbon, respectively) is sp2 hybridized and forms three sigma bonds with the surrounding atoms.
